Unit 27
The 10000 hour rule
新知思想/閱讀種子
New Knowledge/Reading Knowledge
BRAIN STORM
Share your ideas with your teacher and try to make sentences.
What do you think is the 10,000 rule all about?
VOCABULARY
Repeat these sentences after your teacher.
1. popularized (v.) 使受歡迎、普及
She popularized that kind of fashion.
她普及了這種時尚。
2. pop psych (phr.) 流行心理學
This was popularized by a pop psych writer.
這是由流行心理學作家普及的。
3. principle (n.) 原則
The principle of 10,000 hours lets you master your skill.
10,000小時的原理使您可以掌握自己的技能。
4. deliberate (v.) 刻意的、有意的
You just have to make a deliberate and final decision.
您只需要做出深思熟慮的最終決定。
5. psychologists (n.) 心理學研究者，心理學家
Psychologists are a great help!
心理學家是一個很大的幫助！
6. access (n.) 達到、獲取
Can you give me access to the files?
您可以讓我訪問這些文件嗎？
7. tears that theory down (phr.) 推翻某個理論
Facts tears that theory down.
事實使那個理論落空了。
Dialogue
Read the dialogue aloud with your teacher.
The 10,000 Hour Rule — popularized by pop psych writer Malcolm Gladwell in his book “Outliers”— may not be much of a rule at all.
The principle holds that 10,000 hours of “deliberate practice” are needed to become world-class in any field.
When psychologists talk about deliberate practice, they mean practicing in a way that pushes your skill set as much as possible.
In “Outliers,” Gladwell argues that early access to getting 10,000 hours of practice allowed the Beatles to
It also helped Bill Gates to become one of the richest men in the world, thanks to using a computer since his teen years.
一萬小時定律，這個被流行心理作家Malcolm Gladwell在其《Outliers》一書中普及的概念，也許根本不是一條定律。
這條理論指出在任何一個領域想達到世界一流水平，需要一萬個小時的“刻意練習”。
心理學家所說的刻意練習，指的就是盡全力讓你的技術提升的練習方法。
在《Outliers》一書中，Gladwell稱，一萬小時的練習，幫助披頭士樂隊成為世界上最偉大的樂隊。這都歸功於他們日以繼夜的演出。
一萬小時定律也幫助比爾蓋茨成為世界首富，這都歸功於他在青少年時期大量使用電腦。
But a new Princeton study tears that theory down.
In a meta-analysis of 88 studies on deliberate practice, the researchers found that practice accounted for just a 12% difference in performance in various domains.
What’s really surprising is how much it depends on the domain:
• In sports, an 18% difference.
• In education, a 4% difference.
• In professions, just a 1% difference.
The best explanation is probably found in another book “The Click Moment” by Frans Johansson.
但是普林斯頓大學的一項新研究卻推翻了這個理論。
在一項涵蓋88個刻意練習的元數據分析中，研究者發現在不同領域，練習只占到最終表現的12%。
真正令人驚訝的是，練習的有用程度取決於具體是哪個領域：
體育領域，練習的影響佔18%。
教育，4%。
職業發展，只有1%。
另一本書：Frans Johansson所著的《The Click Moment》也許提供了背後的最佳答案。
In the book, Johansson argues that deliberate practice is only a predictor of success in fields that have super stable structures.
For example, in tennis, chess, and classical music, the rules never change, so you can study up to become the best.
However, in less stable fields, like entrepreneurship and rock and roll, rules can go out the window.
Mastery is more than just a matter of practice. There’s no doubt that practice is important, but it’s just less important than what has been argued.
So the million-dollar question now is, what else matters?
書中，Johansson稱，刻意練習只在那些有著超穩定結構的領域裡占主導作用。
比如，在網球或古典音樂領域，規則不會改變，所以你能通過不斷練習成為最優秀的選手或樂手。
然而，在那些不怎麼穩定的領域，比如創業、或者搖滾樂，規則轉瞬即變。
精通不光靠練習。當然，練習固然重要，但卻沒有我們所宣稱的那麼重要。
所以最重要的問題來了：那還有什麼是重要的？
Grammar
Meta、After、Beyond、About (it’s own category)
Meta :
“That‘s pretty meta”. “Woah, you just went meta”. There are all kinds of words and expressions in English that use this prefix. At it’s most general level, it‘s a word that English has borrowed from Greek, used to indicate a concept that is either an abstraction of another concept, or some kind of addition to the concept.
It‘s generally translated as or “after,” beyond,“ or ”about.“ Unfortunately, this concept is much bigger than any of those three prepositions. Below, we’ll talk about the different senses of the word, based on the preposition that each sense best matches.
After :
Usually these kinds of words are used in biology or medicine. For example, “metamorphosis” is the change from one form to another form, such as when a caterpillar transforms into a butterfly. In addition, “metastasis” occurs when a disease spreads from one part of the body to another.
Beyond :
Going “beyond” something here means to analyze it at a higher level. For example, “metalinguistics” analyzes the principles of linguistics, instead of the subject matter, language. Same goes for “metaphilosophy”, which analyzes the the principles of philosophy instead of the usual philosophical subject matter: physics, ethics, politics, aesthetics or art.
About (it’s own category) :
This is the way that most young people would understand meta. After all, they have been brought up in a culture that is always referencing itself. For example, a comedian who tells a joke about telling jokes would be said to be “going meta” or doing “meta-jokes”. Likewise, an author writing fiction about fiction would be said to be writing “meta-fiction”. Although this form of meta is self-referential, try not to confuse it with the idea of “self”. Self-confidence or self-awareness has nothing to do with being meta.
In the tech world, a lot of meta terms share this meaning. For example, “metadata” is a pretty new concept in the West, but when it’s described as “data about data”, it’s a lot easier for people to grasp exactly what it is.
1.After we started discussing how we should best hold class discussions, someone said “this is pretty meta!”
2.Going forward, we will need to think of new meaningful ways to create and store metadata.
3.You need to write good metatags for your website if you want search engines to list you.
4.In tomorrow’s science class we’ll be starting our unit on metamorphosis.
DISCUSSION
Make a conversation with your teacher.
1.What skill do you hope to master in 10,000 hours?
